Visna virus in humans

We hypothesized that besides their regular targets ie. This report demonstrates that a visna virus-encoded protein transactivates viral gene expression.

Influenza A viruses are found in many different animals including ducks chickens pigs humans whales horses and seals.

Visna virus in humans. Maedi-visna is a slow virus infection of sheep leading to a progressing lymphoproliferative disease which is invariably fatal. It affects multiple organs but primarily the lungs where it causes interstitial pneumonia maedi. Infection of the central nervous system was commonly observed in Icelandic sheep visna infection of mammary glands hard udder in sheep in Europe and the USA and infection of.

Lytic virus one that is replicated in the host cell and causes death and lysis of the cell. Maedivisna virus a lentivirus that is the etiologic agent of a type of pneumonia in sheep. Marburg virus an RNA virus occurring in Africa transmitted by insect bites and causing marburg virus.

The unique pathogenesis of lentiviral infections in humans and ruminant animals may be explained in part by the complex mechanisms regulating transcription and translation of their viral genes. This report demonstrates that a visna virus-encoded protein transactivates viral gene expression. A 14-kilobase cDNA clone encodes two distinct proteins with apparent molecular masses of 215 and 10.

Comparison of human astrocytes 1181N1 line and sheep choroid plexus cells SCP infected with visna virus V-1181N1 and V-SCP shows that the mode of virus assembly and the morphology and size of the free virions are identical in the 2 systems. V-SCP cells usually cytolyse soon after infection. V-1181N1 cells do not.

This is considered to be due to interference with membrane assembly in the. Visna virus is an ungulate lentivirus that is distantly related to the primate lentiviruses including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 HIV-1. Replication of HIV-1 and of other complex primate retroviruses including human T-cell leukemia virus type I HTLV-I requires the expression in trans of a virally encoded post-transcriptional activator of viral structural gene expression termed Rev HIV-1 or Rex HTLV-I.

We demonstrate that the previously defined L open reading frame of visna. Since the Visna virus was already well known Segal continues the problem was to find a human retrovirus that would enable it to infect humans. Scrutiny of the technical literature Segal says reveals that Dr.

Robert Gallo isolated such a virus HTLV-I by 1975 though it was not given this name until later. 1975 was also the year the virus section of Fort Detrick the US Armys center for biological warfare. The Maedi-Visna MV lentivirus causes two slowly progressive eventually fatal diseases of sheep Maedi a progressive interstitial pneumonia and Visna a progressive demyelinating disease of the central nervous system.

Other lentiviruses also cause fatal slow infections in their natural hosts eg. The HIV virus in humans. Results of experimental vaccination against any.

Gonda MA Wong-Staal F Gallo RC Clements JE Narayan O Gilden RV. Sequence homology and morphologic similarity of HTLV-III and visna virus a pathogenic lentivirus. Google Scholar Van der Maaten MJ Boothe AD Seger CL.

Isolation of a virus from cattle with persistent lymphocytosis. Influenza A viruses are found in many different animals including ducks chickens pigs humans whales horses and seals. Influenza B viruses circulate widely principally among humans though it has recently been found in seals.

Visna-maedi virus induces in sheep an interstitial lung disease characterised by an accumulation of smooth muscle cells SMC or myomatosis. Infection by HIV-1 has been recently associated with disorders of the vessel-derived cells. Primary pulmonary hypertension coronary artery disease and smooth muscle tumors in humans.

We hypothesized that besides their regular targets ie. Visna virus infection of sheep and human cells in vitro–an ultrastructural study. ArticleMacintyre1973VisnaVI titleVisna virus infection of sheep and human cells in vitro–an ultrastructural study authorE.

Vatter journalJournal of cell science year1973 volume13 1 pages 173-91. Acute infection with human lentiviruses can appear as non-specific flu-like and mononucleosislike symptoms including myalgia arthralgia diarrhea nausea vomiting headache hepatosplenomegaly weight loss and neurological symptoms. The visna virus is transmitted at birth or through nursing or contact with saliva.

Like HIV in humans animal viruses such as feline immunodeficiency virus FIV in cats visna virus in sheep and simian immunodeficiency virus SIV in monkeys primarily infect cells of the immune system such as T. For this reason gene therapists are currently improving the design of other lentiviral vectors such as feline immunodeficiency virus equine anemia infectious virus and Visna virus. These lentiviruses are not pathogenic in humans and are only distantly related to primate Retroviridae.

This review summarizes the achievements in improving the design of lentiviral vector systems that are not. Bunyamwera virus BUNV codes for two non-structural proteins. NSm on the medium RNA segment and NSs on the smallest RNA segment.

Bunyamwera virus NSs protein is a nonessential gene that contributes to viral pathogenesis. It has been shown that in mammalian cells NSs induces shut-off of host protein synthesis which leads to cell death. Human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1 and HIV-2 the two major viruses that cause AIDS in humans are retroviruses of the lentivirus genus.

The genus includes arthritis-encephalitis virus CAEV and Maedi-Visna virus MVV and a heterogeneous group of viruses known as small ruminant lentiviruses SRLVs affecting goat and sheep.